问题补充说明：大学英语四级语法
Ⅰ动词(时态,语态,用法,省略,一致性等)
时
1)现在完成进行时态(hav左唱垂言冲杂e/hasbeen+-ing分词构成):动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束.
I’vebeenw来自ritinglettersforanhour.
I’vebeensittinginthegarden.
2)过去完成进行时(由hadbeen+ing分词构成):过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作
I’dbeenworkingforsometimewhenhec360问答alled.
Wehadb音黑较工练相eenwaitingforherfortwohoursbythetimeshecame.
3)将来完成先春速子做马刘项打义脱进行时:将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作.
Bynextsummer,hewillhavebee通般数游作希张际nworkingherefortwentyyears.
Inanoth商物容冲备其刑想握ermonth’stimes名he’llhave编阻于害改多模术油命凯beenstudyinghereforthreeyears.
4)将来完乎英临斤刑换状建黄端成时(由shall/wil的区济交海慢lhave+过去分词李密序答心油洲作维构成):将来某时会业已发利除名步养还生的事.
Ishallhavefinishedthisonebeforelunch.
They’llhavehittheyear’stargetbythe职服儿滑观述念endofOctober.
1.语态
1)可以有两种被动结构的类型,田组负花现感例如:
Hewas住用题数食saidtobejealousofhersuccess.
I快传商怕绿章twassaidthathewasjealousofher哪判迅但依任success.
能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.
Itissupposedthattheshiphasbeensunk.
Theshipissupposedtohavebeensunk.
担当besupposedto与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如:
Whyareyoudrivingsofastinthisarea?Youaresupposedtoknowthespeedtoknowthespeedlimit.(你应该晓得速度限制)
2)双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态
a)双宾语结构的被动语态:双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语.
Hewasaskedanumberofquestionsatthepressconference.
Twodayswereallowedthemformakingthenecessarypreparations.
b)宾补结构的被动语态:
ShewascalledBigSisterbyeverybody.
Thenhewasmadeasquadleader.
Hewasconsideredquitequalifiedforthejob.
Theroomwasalwayskeptcleanandtidy.
2.短语动词
1)Vi+adv
Theplanetookofftwohourslate.
2)Vi+prep
TheylookedroundtheCathedral.
3)Vi+prep(有被动语态)
She’slookingafterhersister’schildren.
Thechildrenwerealwayswelllookedafter.
4)Vi+adv+prep
Ibegantolookforwardtotheirvisits.
5)Vt+O+adv
Somewomenchoosetostayathomeandbringuptheirchildren.
Thechildrenwerebroughtupbytheirmother.
Theytookhimon.
6)Vt+adv+O(无被动语态)
Iamtryingtogiveupsmoking.
7)Vt+O+prep
WetalkedDonaldintoagreement.
3.省略
1)在以as,than,when,if,unless等引导的从句中的省略:在有些状语从句中,如果谓语包含有动词be,主语又和主句的主语一致a),或者主语是itb),就常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分(特别是动词be)省略掉.
a)Lookoutforcarswhencrossingthestreet.
Whentakenaccordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffects.
Whiletherehejoinedinvoluntarylabouronaproject.
Althoughnotyetsixmonthsold,shewasabletowalkwithoutsupport.
Ifnotwellmanaged,irrigationcanbeharmful.
Thoughreducedinnumbers,theygainedinfightingcapacity.
Thisviewpoint,howeverunderstandable,iswrong.
Enemies,oncediscovered,weretightlyencircledandcompletelywipedout.
Shehurriedlylefttheroomasthough/ifangry.
Sheworkedextremelyhardthoughstillratherpoorinhealth.
Fillintheapplicationasinstructed.
Wheneverknown,suchfactsshouldbereported.
Thedocumentswillbereturnedassoonassigned.
Hesaidthatnoacrobatcouldeverperformthosedaringfeatsunlesstrainedveryyoung.
Oncehavingmadeapromise,youshouldkeepit.
b)IfnecessaryI’llhavetheletterduplicated.
Fillintheblankswitharticleswhere(ver)necessary.
Ifpossible,Ishouldliketohavetwocopiesofit.
Asscheduled,theymetonJanuary20attheChineseEmbassy.
2)在以thana)或asb)引起的从句中,常会有一些成分省略.
a)Hetoldmenottousemorematerialthan(itis)necessary.
Weshouldthinkmoreofthecollectivethanofourselves.
b)Theyworkedwithasmuchenthusiasmasyoungpeople(did).
Heisnowavice-manager,butstilloftenworksinthekitchenasbefore.
Theirtrainingisfree,asisalleducation.
Wewill,asalways,standonyourside.
3)错误的省略
HislifeisasfullycommittedtobooksasanyoneIknow.
Whilestandingthereinhernightgown,twobulletsstruckthewallbesideher.
标签：大措,乙路,什理
